Ephesians

The vision of Ephesians is that in Christ, Jews and Gentiles have been unified into a single household. The letter seeks to encourage its recipients to live this out in practice. The first half of the book lays out the theology that lies behind Paul's vision of unity, exploring in particular the way in which the Church is the body of Christ. The second half discusses in more detail what this might look like in practice. Ephesians and Colossians are often recognised to be companion books, as their message is very similar.

schedule How long will it take?

Reading time: 20 minutes
Short of time? Just read 1.1–14; 4.1–32; 6.10–24

category Genre

Epistle

format_quote Inspiring quote(s)?

³Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places, ⁴just as he chose us in Christ before the foundation of the world to be holy and blameless before him in love. (Ephesians 1.3–4)

⁸For by grace you have been saved through faith, and this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God — ⁹not the result of works, so that no one may boast. ¹⁰For we are what he has made us, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand to be our way of life. (Ephesians 2.8–10)

¹⁰Finally, be strong in the Lord and in the strength of his power. ¹¹Put on the whole armour of God, so that you may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. (Ephesians 6.10–11)

star Anything tricky?

One of the passages that a number of people find challenging is 5.21–6.9, which talks about how husbands and wives, parents and children, and masters and slaves should relate to one another. The challenge is to work out how much of this applies to the original context (i.e. the Ephesians) and how much to us today.
Notice that there is a very similar passage in the companion letter, Colossians

history_edu About the author

The letter is attributed to Paul in 1.1.
Ever since the eighteenth century, New Testament scholars have questioned whether its different tone, style and vocabulary might suggest that Ephesians might have been written by a later member of the Pauline community, using Paul’s theology as a base.
There is no absolute agreement on this, however, so as you read it, see whether you think it sounds and feels like the rest of Paul’s letters or not.

What do we know about him?

Paul is probably the best–known of all the early Christians. Before encountering Jesus Christ on the road to Damascus, he was a zealous Pharisee who sought to maintain the purity of Judaism. After his experience on the Damascus road, he turned his zeal to proclaiming Jesus Christ among the Gentiles. This brought him into conflict with some other early Christians, not least Peter, who thought that followers of Jesus should convert to Judaism. He travelled around the Roman Empire (though primarily in Asia Minor – modern-day Turkey – and Greece) proclaiming the good news and founding communities of Christians as he went. He also wrote a large number of letters, 13 of which are preserved in the New Testament. Ephesians is traditionally be thought to be one of these.

public About the times

Ephesians is thought to have been written while Paul was in prison. If Paul was the author of the letter, this would date it to the late AD 50s or early 60s. Those who do not think that Paul wrote it think that it comes from a much later date, sometime between AD 75 and AD 95. This is because the themes of Ephesians could be seen to reflect the needs and concerns of a later Christian community.

What were people feeling?

The theme of Ephesians – Christian unity in Christ – is a common one both in the first century and today. The challenge, then as now, is how to live out the gospel’s message of unity with those who are very different from you.

menu_book What kind of book is it?

An epistle, or letter – both Ephesians and Colossians are letters which offer a vision of how to live out the Christian faith. In both, the theology of the first half of the letter is applied in the second half to everyday living.

account_tree How is it structured?

1.1–2 Introduction and greeting
1.3–3.21 A theological reflection on unity in Christ
4.1–6.20 Guidelines as to how to live out this unity in practice
6.21–24 Final greeting

search Words you may want to check

There will be some names you will not know; don’t worry if you can’t place them all. The key ones are given below.

Place

Ephesus, Asia Minor

The names of people and peoples

Israel, Tychicus

Other words

Gentiles, Gospel, idols

remove_red_eye Look out for…

One of the interesting features of Ephesians is the way in which it lays out some complex theology (in chapters 1–3), which it then uses to reflect on how Christians should live out their faith (chapters 4–6). Notice how this doctrine shapes the way people are expected to behave.
Ephesians, like Colossians, talks a lot about how the mysteries of God have been revealed in Jesus. Look out for the twin themes of mystery and revelation in the book.
Right at the heart of Ephesians lies the belief that reconciliation has already taken place in Christ and now needs to be reflected in the lives of those who are 'in him'. Trace the thread of reconciliation through the book, both at the start in the theological chapters (1–3) and later on in the practical application chapters (4–6).

emoji_people What could this mean for me?

Ephesians lays out a clear vision of what kind of behaviour is expected from Christians. How much of this do you think is still relevant today?

lightbulb Discussion group questions

Were there any parts of the book that you particularly liked or that inspired you?
Were there any parts of the book that you disliked or that troubled you?
What did you think the book was about?
Why do you think that Christians struggle so much to live out unity and reconciliation? Do you think we are better or worse at it than the Ephesians were?
Many people find the instructions about the relationship between husbands and wives, parents and children, and masters and slaves difficult in the modern world. Talk about this passage (5.21–6.9). What is your view of what is said here? (If you’ve already talked about Colossians you may not want to do discuss this again here!)
Did you read anything in the book that touched you, expanded your faith or made you think more deeply about your life and how you live it?

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