The Lord is slow to anger but great in power, and the Lord will by no means clear the guilty. His way is in whirlwind and storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet. (Nahum 1.3)

⁷The Lord is good, a stronghold in a day of trouble; he protects those who take refuge in him, ⁸even in a rushing flood. (Nahum 1.7–8a)

As with many of the prophetic books, Nahum represents God as angry and pouring out this anger on humanity, this time on Judah’s enemies. Most uncomfortably of all, God’s anger is described in 3.5 as revealing the nakedness of a woman by way of punishment. Many people find this language very difficult indeed.

Nahum the Elkoshite

What do we know about him?

Nothing – neither Nahum nor Elkosh are mentioned in elsewhere in the Bible.

The content of Nahum indicates that the book was written at the end of the seventh century BC. The Babylonians began to challenge the Assyrian empire in around 626 BC and had successfully conquered it and destroyed Nineveh by 612 BC. It is most likely that Nahum was written at some time in this period.

What were people feeling? 

Nahum suggests that the people of Judah were feeling vulnerable and anxious about the future. God’s anger in this prophecy, which was aimed at the Assyrians for all the evil they had done, could well have provided reassurance to God’s people that they were not alone.

Other books set around this time

Zephaniah and Habakkuk 

Prophecy. Nahum takes the form of a series of prophecies depicting God’s anger which, as the book unfolds, is clearly directed towards the Assyrians.

1.1 Introduction
1.2–8 An acrostic poem laying out God’s anger
1.9–15 A prophecy of the destruction of God’s enemies and the restoration of God’s people
2.1–3.19 The future destruction of Assyria

There will be lots of names you will not know; don’t worry if you can’t place them all. The key ones are given below.

Place

Nineveh, Assyria, Bashan, Carmel, Israel, Judah, Lebanon, Mount Carmel

The names of people and peoples

Israel

Other words

Scribes

The language that is used for God’s anger in this prophecy. It is very graphic at times, so it is important to be alert to it and to notice how it makes you feel.

Think about the book of Jonah, which also prophesies to Nineveh but allows for the possibility that the Assyrians will repent. Reflect on the difference between these two books as you read.

This book looks for the destruction of a city which was, for the prophet Nahum, an embodiment of evil. Who would embody evil in this way for you today? Reflect on this as you read and whether you might express how you feel in similar or different terms.

• Were there any parts of the book that you particularly liked or that inspired you?
• Were there any parts of the book that you disliked or that troubled you?
• What did you think the book was about?
• The Assyrians embodied evil to Nahum; discuss what you think embodies evil today. Would you use the same – or different – language to describe this?
• The brutal prophecy about Nineveh’s future arises out of Nahum’s belief about the evil its people represents. Do you ever think it is appropriate to talk about other people in the way that Nahum does here?
• Woven into this prophecy is a vision of hope for the future for Judah. Imagine being someone who lived in Judah in the seventh century BC – would this vision have given you hope and why?
• Did you read anything in the book that touched you, expanded your faith or made you think more deeply about your life and how you live it?